1.3 The effective workplace manager - The competency approach
Once again, however, the concept of competence as a formal field of research has undergone many evolutions and has inspired a wide range of approaches. Literature around the globe has since the early 1960s presented competencies as a behavioural form of pedagogy, a means to structure work, a basis for organisations achieving competitiveness or the foundations for national vocational education and training systems.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s many writers explored the concept of competence as a basis for improving human and management performance. Such authors include:
- Chris Argyris (1962): Interpersonal Competence and Organisational Effectiveness;
- D. C. McClelland (1976): A Guide to Job Competency Assessment ;
- M. A. Bunda and J. R. Sanders (1979): Practices and Problems in Competency-Based Measurement ;
- W. J. Popham (1979): Criterion Referenced Measurement ;
- T. Gilbert (1978): Human Competence ;
- G. O. Klemp and L. M. Spencer (1980): Job Competence Assessment ; and
- Richard Boyatzis (1982): The Competent Manager: A Mode for Effective Performance.
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