6.5 Knowledge and communities
Communities are often formed to accelerate knowledge transfer. For managers and leaders this can be a very useful way to avoid information overload and discover from their peers what is important and what is emerging in importance.
Knowledge often surfaces when people with different perspectives work on the same project or collaborate to exchange information. Their very difference may be the catalyst for generating new knowledge or insights. In some cases the purpose is simply to place individuals who hold tacit knowledge or highly specialised knowledge together in an environment where they can exchange ideas. Conflicts are not uncommon in such situations. The most common sources of this kind of knowledge are interdisciplinary work teams or project management teams.
Communities of practice are emerging as communities or informal networks that link individuals anywhere and at any level of an organisation or society based on shared professional interests.
Communities of practice are, in effect, professional knowledge networks. These arise out of interactions and understandings created when people share information, formally or informally. It is one of the most important forms of knowledge within the business world, and one of the least understood. Networking, where professionals or communities of practice gather together or share a discipline, is most often viewed as the basis for networked knowledge. This is a limited view. The value of networked knowledge resides in its potential to utilise information from multiple sources to generate new and relevant perspectives. Networks are crucial in a world where it is impossible to allocate time and space to acquiring all the knowledge that may be important to an organisation.
A strong set of networks should include interactions with formal and informal groups outside the workplace. Networked knowledge also resides in the social fabric of the location, including characteristics such as political and social stability and the workforce's sense of well-being. Knowledge arising from these settings is often referred to as 'social capital' (see the Knowledge Management topic area).
Reading 1
McDermott, R (2001), Knowing in Community: 10 Critical Success Factors in Building Communities of Practice ,. Published online at http://www.co-i-l.com/coil/knowledge-garden/cop/knowing.shtml .
Activity 2
- Are communities of practice (as discussed in Reading 1, McDermott) and networked communities the same? Why or why not?
- Why is knowledge driving the formation of communities that extend beyond the organisation into professional and other fields?
- Analyse how a manager could use communities of practice for personal development and to create a more responsive business operation.