4.13.1 Reverse resource-transfer effect
The host country benefits from the transfer of capital, technology and management skills. This can be a two-way street, especially in the fields of marketing and management. An MNE can often benefit by exposure to conditions in the host country. This has been especially true for US companies such as Ford and GM, which have part ownership of Mazda and Isuzu respectively (Hill 2005, p. 253). These MNEs have learned a great deal from the Japanese about management and production techniques.
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