2.2.4 Solutions implementation through inclusive communication processes
Maximising the effectiveness of both the quality and acceptance of a decision is important. If the decision is complex, a manager is more likely to select a group decision-making process than go it alone. If the knowledge required to make a decision is not available from a work group, then the manager may seek an external consultant.
The notion that managers impose decisions on groups is somewhat tempered by the work of Allison. Allison notes that a lot of decisions are not made by managers (Chiefs) but by employees (Indians) and this leads to power struggles among the Indians:
Most problems are framed, alternatives specified and proposals pushed... by Indians. Indians fight with Indians of other departments... But the Indians' major problem is how to get the attention of Chiefs, how to get an issue on an action-channel, how to get the [corporation] 'to do what is right' (Allison, 1971:177).
This usually results in a 'champion' being empowered by a group to take the decision to the Chiefs for ratification. The rivalry of champions becomes an exercise in power and influence. For some managers, rivalry is a control exercise in which individuals are empowered by management to 'bring a decision home'. Regardless of how or why the group decision-making process operates, the role of management is to manage the decision-making process and this involves managing the communication of the group members. To do this effectively, the manager requires a strategic plan in which a range of contingencies and involvements are plotted.
Activity 6
Complete the 'Buzz and Hum' Found in Organisation's with Effective Workplace Relations.
One of the strangest things about organisations that have attained high employee commitment to actions, participative problem solving, efficient management processes and strong workplace relations is the 'buzz' or 'hum' one feels when entering into the workplace for the first time. While consultants and experienced managers and staff can 'feel' this, it is nearly impossible to describe. Nevertheless, despite the plethora or theories on how to achieve this degree of enterprise effectiveness, we can at least ask some indicative questions to examine the measurable indications of an organisation's operating health (Based on J. Gardner, 1965).
Using the range descriptions below each scale (ranked from one to five), circle the numbers that best ranks your response to each requirement. Upon completion reflect on each response and the overall participative 'health' of your workplace.
Requirement 1: The organisation has an effective program for recruiting and developing people with the capabilities necessary not just to do a job but to shape future strategic success. |
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A shortage of competencies and/or developmental programs exists |
Some competencies exists but much is being wasted |
A steady supply of highly expert personnel exists & they actively contribute to reshape strategic goals |
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Supporting Observations:
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Requirement 2: The enterprise has an environment capable of sustaining individual needs. |
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No "sparks" of individuality are present |
Some idea people are present but too often smothered |
Individuality & diversity of thinking is encouraged and supported |
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Supporting Observations:
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Requirement 3: The enterprise has built-in provisions capturing feedback on system problems. |
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Those in power are often isolated from, and fail to see what is really going at the 'coal face' |
Certain organisational members are allowed to offer feedback on management systems but many more are not able to do this |
An atmosphere exists in which problems with systems can be reported to managers at all levels |
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Supporting Observations:
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Requirement 4: The organisation responds to feedback. |
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Obstacles prevent feedback on problems being actioned |
A guarded, often unspoken, formal system prevails where feedback is acknowledged but not actioned |
An open and spontaneous feedback system prevails where problems are identified and removed |
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Supporting Observations:
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Requirement 5: The organisation has functional flexibility, a fluidity of internal process and teams. |
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Each section works to its goals in isolation to other processes/ business units |
Units may cooperate but boundaries tend to be relied upon unless individual interests are met |
Process and teams exist but goals and flexibility are collectively actioned to achieve mutual benefits |
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Supporting Observations:
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Requirement 6: The organisation has the means for appraisal or professional development sessions to be used by staff to suggest means to improve processes and procedures. |
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Total reliance on and subservience to procedures |
Procedures are set in manuals that are updated by designated staff |
Procedures are perceived as means to ends and any formal contact with staff is used as an opportunity to address process problems |
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Supporting Observations:
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Requirement 7: The organisation has the means to build a sense of common purpose with employees and people in the community. |
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Members and their sub-units hold on ferociously to their turf and input from 'outside' is not sanctioned |
Teams are embraced but divergent opinions or societal needs are not incorporated into team decision making |
Members seek input from individuals within and outside the organisation in order to maximise results |
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Supporting Observations:
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Requirement 8: The organisation is interested in what it will do in the long term, not solely focused on what it has done and is doing in the short term. |
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Members rest on their laurels and pay homage to the organisation's historical roots |
Members look forward to the future but are constrained by stories of past successes |
Members habitually look ahead and develop contingencies to cope with the future |
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Supporting Observations:
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Requirement 9: The organisation has members who have strong convictions developed through participative involvement. |
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Most members are apathetic and lack commitment to the organisation's development |
Members tend to get worn down by their continued efforts to change the organisation |
Members have a strong belief in the organisation and link their involvement with its success |
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Supporting Observations:
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